All information on the maps here is translated from TV 2.
war-observer.dk has not itself obtained information and data about incidents, therefore it cannot be held responsible for misinformation.
As TV 2 writes on their overview:
This is what we have done
In addition to TV 2’s own research, the coverage of hybrid warfare is based on previous overviews conducted by the German Zeit, a report from the Helsinki Commission and the revelations in the Nordic media cooperation ‘Shadow War’ between DR, SVT, NRK and YLE.
Most points in the mapping contain specific episodes, while others represent arrests or official warnings about Russian hybrid warfare actions.
Since hybrid warfare – by its very nature – is often covered by a smokescreen, in most of the incidents no verdict has been rendered or conclusive evidence of Russian responsibility has been presented. Therefore, the coverage includes a large number of incidents where official authorities or experts assess that there is a significant probability of Russian interference.
Therefore, the overview in the article is also incomplete.
The mapping only includes incidents that have occurred after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
assassination plots in Europe
Europe’s critical infrastructure
Vandalism and arson in Europe
Russian cyberattacks and disinformation in Europe
Russian espionage in Europe
